QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR SERVICES AND YOUR THESIS
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Contact us12 questions and answers
Contact and scope of support
From your first message to deciding what needs attention.
How we work Back to topics ↑What should I send for a quote?
Provide your topic, subject area, type of thesis, stage of preparation and required deadline. Describe what needs to be prepared, checked or revised. Attach the current document, university guidelines and any comments from your supervisor.
For research support, include your research outline, survey or interview guide and the data you have collected. For editing that addresses text similarity, attach your JSA report if you have one. You don't need every document before asking about the scope of support.
I do not know which service to choose. Where should I start?
Send your material or explain what you are finding difficult. We will help determine whether you need a thesis review, proofreading, support with structure or analysis and presentation of research findings, for example. We can work on one element or combine several services.
Can I combine several services?
Yes. You might need editing, corrections to your references and formatting to meet university requirements at the same time. We will agree on the combined scope after reviewing your materials.
Can I submit only one section of the thesis?
Yes. You can submit an individual chapter, questionnaire, methodology section, results, references, footnotes or another section. Support can also cover presentation content or editing a finished text.
When sending a section, include your thesis topic and outline, plus any feedback from your supervisor. This helps us understand how it fits into the full document.
Which file formats can I send?
Materials can usually be sent in DOC, DOCX, PDF, XLSX, PPTX format or as a link to a file. For proofreading, editing, formatting or structural changes, we recommend a Word/DOCX file, as it allows efficient editing of text, footnotes, styles, tables and the table of contents.
If your material is in a different format, you can send it for an initial assessment. We will check whether we can work with it directly or need an editable version.
Can university guidelines, supervisor comments or a JSA report be sent?
Yes. It is worth sending university requirements, feedback from your supervisor, a JSA report, your thesis topic and outline, a questionnaire, references or research findings, if they are relevant to the service.
This allows the scope of help to be tailored more accurately and the material prepared in line with actual requirements. The more information provided at the start, the easier it is to avoid corrections resulting from missing data.
What might the first message look like?
Hello, I need help with my master's thesis in pedagogy. The text is complete, but the references and formatting need to be corrected to meet university requirements. I need the material by [date]. I am attaching the current file and requirements. Please suggest a scope of work and let me know the price and possible completion date.
My subject area is not on the list. Can I still ask for help?
Yes. Send your topic, subject area and a description of the support you need. We will check whether we can work with your material and discuss the possible scope.
How should I prepare for a thesis consultation?
Write down your questions and indicate what you want to clarify. Before the agreed time, send the relevant thesis fragment, plan, guidelines and supervisor comments. We confirm the scope of prior reading before the session to ensure the discussion covers the correct material.
Can thesis consultations take place by phone?
Yes, once we agree on the format, duration, scope and date. First, describe the issue and send the materials needed for preparation. Asking about our services does not book a consultation or include a discussion of the whole document.
Will I receive a written summary after the consultation?
A summary of what we agree and a list of next steps may be included in a consultation. We confirm the format, level of detail and how you will receive the notes before starting. If you also need a thesis section prepared or a written analysis of your document, we will include these in the agreed scope of work.
Does a consultation also include editing the text in my file?
Not automatically. A consultation is for discussing an issue and deciding on the next steps. Rewriting sections, preparing a chapter, carrying out calculations or making revisions requires a separate agreement on the scope and deliverables.
7 questions and answers
Pricing, payment and terms
Cost, deadline, invoice, confidentiality and corrections after delivery.
Contact us Back to topics ↑Can I get a quote before work starts?
Yes. Before work begins, you can receive a tailored quote. The price depends on the service, amount of material, level of difficulty, deadline and extent of the revisions needed.
Send the document or describe the issue in detail so we can provide a more accurate quote.
What do the price and deadline depend on?
They depend on the scope, amount and condition of the material, difficulty, availability of sources and the deadline you need. Send your current file and give a specific date. After reviewing the material, we agree on the scope, cost and what can be completed.
This also applies to law theses and other subject areas. The price depends on whether you need revisions to the text, sources, structure or research, or a review of the whole document. Additional elements or changed requirements may need a separate quote for the extra work.
Can I order an express service?
Yes, in some cases. We first check the material, scope and our availability. Give a specific deadline and send the current file so we can assess what can be completed. Express work is agreed individually.
How do I pay for the service?
By bank transfer or BLIK. We send the payment details and agreed amount after confirming the scope, deadline and price. We issue an invoice for the completed service.
Will I receive a receipt or invoice?
You will receive an invoice in your name, sent to your email address immediately after the service is completed.
What if I need corrections after receiving the work?
Send specific feedback: identify the section and describe the issue. We compare your request with the agreed scope and the materials provided before work began. New chapters, data or requirements may mean additional work. Requests for revisions should be made within 7 calendar days of delivery, unless we agree otherwise; this does not limit your statutory consumer rights. See our terms of service.
Revisions relate to the agreed work. Changing the topic, approach, data or requirements after delivery means agreeing on a further scope and, where needed, an additional price.
Are my materials and order details confidential?
Yes. We treat order details as confidential. We do not inform the university or supervisor about our cooperation. We process materials only to the extent necessary for service delivery, support, and legal obligations, in accordance with the privacy policy and the terms of service.
33 questions and answers
Writing, proofreading and editing
Bachelor's and master's theses, materials prepared to order and revisions to existing text.
Learn about “Bachelor’s and master’s thesis proofreading and editing”Back to topics ↑Do you help with writing bachelor's and master's theses?
Yes. We offer support for writing bachelor's and master's theses through editing, research methodology, structural support and the preparation of model materials. We can help prepare an outline, chapters, research methodology, a questionnaire, references, footnotes, analysis of results and conclusions.
The scope depends on your stage of work. You can contact us with just a topic or with a partly prepared document that needs revision, expansion or organisation.
We help with both bachelor's and master's theses. For nursing students, the scope may include a case study, a review-based thesis or original research. We tailor the support to the topic and university requirements.
How does the preparation of a commissioned thesis work?
We start with the topic, requirements, available materials and deadline. We agree on the structure and the elements to prepare: introduction, theory, methodology, research findings, conclusion, references and appendices. We then develop the agreed sections and bring them together in a coherent document.
You can commission a complete thesis, one chapter or further development of your version. Before work begins, we confirm the scope, price, file format and how you will receive the material.
Do you prepare a thesis from start to finish?
Yes. We prepare complete theses based on the agreed topic, scope, requirements and source materials. This may cover the outline, introduction, theoretical chapters, methodology, analysis of actual research findings, conclusions, final summary, references, footnotes and appendices. We also agree on the document structure, formatting and delivery of successive sections.
Do you help improve a completed thesis?
Yes. If your thesis is already written, we can help with proofreading, editing, formatting, structural revisions, references, footnotes, methodology or research findings. An existing document often needs organisation and refinement rather than rewriting from scratch.
Thesis revisions may include removing repetition, improving style and transitions between paragraphs, checking university requirements and preparing the document for the next stage: your supervisor, a JSA check, review or submission to the university, for example.
What is the difference between proofreading and editing?
Proofreading focuses on language accuracy, spelling and punctuation. Editing also addresses sentence structure, style, paragraph organisation, flow and the logic of your argument. We tailor the scope to the condition of your text and the changes it needs.
We offer both proofreading and editing for bachelor's and master's theses, coursework, reports, other academic papers and presentations.
Do you help international students improve their Polish texts?
Yes. We help international students who write academic texts in Polish and need support with language, style and sentence structure. This can include correcting sentences, making the wording sound natural, organising paragraphs and adapting the style to academic writing.
This is particularly useful when your content is ready but the Polish wording needs refinement.
Can you help me address my thesis supervisor's feedback?
Yes. Send the document with comments, the message from the supervisor, or a list of required changes. We can organise the comments and determine which corrections to make first: in the structure, methodology, sources, results, or the language of the thesis.
If a comment is general, e.g. "lack of coherence", "weak methodology", or "rewrite the text", we assess the indicated sections and propose specific actions. We define the scope based on the material and the supervisor's requirements.
Can I see the edits with Track Changes?
Yes, if the client requires it, corrections can be prepared in Track Changes mode in Word. This allows you to see which sections were changed, corrected, edited, or removed.
This is useful for proofreading, editing, revising footnotes and references, or addressing your supervisor's feedback.
How do I get a proofreading quote and delivery date?
Send your text, describe the changes you need and give your deadline. We will assess whether proofreading is enough or more extensive editing is needed, then discuss the price and what can be completed within your timeframe.
What should I send if I already have feedback from my supervisor?
Send the current version of the thesis, the supervisor's comments, guidelines, and the deadline. If the comments concern a specific chapter or results, highlight those sections. Based on this, I will define the scope of changes, the price, and the possible completion date.
Can editing a social rehabilitation thesis help remove judgemental language?
Yes. I will help replace imprecise and generalising evaluations with an objective description of behaviours, situations, and social conditions. I will organise the terminology and separate findings from sources from the author's commentary. I will preserve the meaning of the text and take into account the supervisor's comments provided.
Can you edit my case commentary on a court ruling?
Yes. Send your case commentary, the ruling it discusses, the literature you have used and your lecturer's requirements. I can help organise the legal issue, the court's position and your argument, and refine the language and footnotes. I will confirm the scope after reviewing the material.
What should I change when my supervisor says there is too much description and not enough analysis?
Check if you are only summarising successive publications. Choose a common issue and compare how authors define it, what material they work with, and what conclusions they reach. Explain similarities, differences, and the limitations of the comparison, then show their significance for your topic. Do not add evaluations without justification in the sources. For a general comment, ask the supervisor to point to one section where you can practise the change.
Can you help create a university presentation from scratch?
Yes. We can develop the content, slide order, and consistent graphic design for a presentation for classes, a seminar, or a defence. We will use the instructor's instructions, provided sources, and your materials. Before starting, we will agree on the number of slides or presentation time, file format, and the scope of additional elements. You can also provide a draft presentation for expansion or improvement.
What coursework, essays and projects can you help with?
We prepare coursework, essays, seminar papers, problem-based and comparative papers, semester projects, reports and case studies. We can develop material from scratch or expand and revise your version. Send your lecturer's instructions so we can agree on the content, sources, format and price. For research or practical tasks, we work with real data and the materials you provide.
Can I order a presentation together with speaker notes?
Yes. We can agree on a presentation with speaker notes or a script. We tailor the amount of content to your time limit and topic. If you also need a seminar paper, report or project description, both materials can form part of the same agreed order. Speaker notes and any additional document are included in the quote before work begins.
What should a presentation for a bachelor's or master's thesis defence include?
Check your degree programme's requirements, then select the information that explains your research problem, objective, material and approach, main findings, conclusions and limitations. Adapt the structure to your type of thesis: a theoretical thesis does not need a slide about respondents if the study did not involve them. Do not copy every chapter onto the slides. Your slides and spoken presentation should explain what you actually did and what you found.
How many slides do I need for my thesis defence, and how do I fit them into the time available?
First, determine the time and presentation requirements for your field of study. There is no single number of slides suitable for every defence. Prepare the key points, conduct a timed rehearsal, and remove secondary examples and repetitions if you exceed the limit. Leave time for transitions and calm explanation of difficult elements; simply reading faster does not solve an overloaded presentation.
Can correcting one chapter require changes in other parts of the thesis?
Yes. A change to the objective, a concept or the interpretation of a finding may affect the introduction, methodology, discussion or conclusion. We check those connections and agree which sections the work will cover. We do not extend the scope to the whole document without your agreement.
How do you agree which parts of my supervisor's feedback are included?
We compare the comments with your current document and identify the tasks and materials needed. We confirm the scope before starting. Later comments or requirements are checked against that agreement. If they add to the work, we agree on the extra scope separately.
What will I receive when commissioning a theoretical chapter?
The scope may include a subsection outline, written text, a comparison of viewpoints and references to the sources used. We agree on it based on your topic, outline and guidelines. You can request a new chapter, expansion of an existing section or restructuring of the argument.
Can a theoretical chapter be created based on my bibliography?
Yes, provided the publications are relevant and we can check their content. A list of titles alone cannot substantiate specific claims or quotations. Send the files you have or the publication details. If the literature does not cover the agreed scope, we will explain where additional sources are needed.
Does editing AI-generated text include checking all information provided in it?
Before starting, we define the areas, claims, and sources to be checked, as well as the required materials. We compare the specified information with available publications and data. You will receive an edited version of the agreed-upon sections, notes on the verified content, and markers indicating places that require additional sources or clarification.
The file format and the method for displaying changes are determined when the order is placed.
What happens if AI has given incorrect details for a publication?
We check the authors, title, publication details and how the publication can be accessed. We then compare the available source passages with the reference in your text. We flag entries that need clarification and identify any missing materials. If we agree to use a different source, we read the relevant passage and adjust the paragraph to reflect its findings.
What should I send for a thesis defence or class presentation?
For a defence presentation, send your bachelor's or master's thesis, or final project for a postgraduate course, along with the slide requirements and presentation time limit. For a class presentation, we need the topic or assignment instructions, source materials and your lecturer's requirements. Include the university template if it must be used. You can also send draft slides for expansion or revision.
Will I receive an editable presentation, and can you use the university template?
We agree on the file format before starting. We can prepare an editable file, such as PPTX, and a PDF export if agreed. If your university or lecturer requires a particular template, send it with your materials. Where no template is required, we use consistent typography, colours and a clear slide layout. Speaker notes or a presentation script are agreed as a separate part of the work.
What should I send to commission a coursework assignment, essay or short academic paper?
Send your lecturer's full assignment instructions, the topic, course name, deadline and required length. Include the specified reading, citation rules and document formatting requirements. If you already have a draft or feedback on an earlier version, include those too. We will use these materials to agree on what needs to be created from scratch, expanded or revised.
What will I receive after the coursework assignment or project is prepared?
You will receive the agreed work tailored to your assignment: a text, essay, short academic paper, project, report or case study, with the required structure and references to the sources used. We agree on the editable file format and any PDF version before starting. Calculations, additional files and technical work are included in the agreed scope.
What materials are needed for a report, practical report or case study?
We need the assignment instructions and the materials the work will be based on: a case description, documents, observations, results or data from completed activities. Reports on real research or practical classes reflect what actually took place. If the assignment uses a hypothetical example, we make that clear. We agree on the scope of analysis and any calculations before starting.
What does preparing a university research project involve?
We prepare the agreed work for a standalone class or seminar project. Before data collection, this may be a research proposal covering the objective, research questions, methods, a research instrument and an analysis plan. If data have already been collected, the work may include a report on how the research was actually carried out, its results and conclusions. We agree on the required sections, calculations and file formats after reading the assignment. Not every project needs all these elements.
Can I order a research project before collecting data?
Yes. We can prepare a proposal for a planned study: the objective, research questions and justified hypotheses, material selection, methods, a research instrument and a plan for subsequent analysis. The document sets out the study design and how the research will be conducted. Results can only be described once real data have been obtained. We agree on access to data and the research arrangements before accepting the project.
How does a research project differ from the research section of a thesis?
A research project is a standalone assignment, for example for a course or seminar, with its own scope set out in the instructions. The research section of a thesis must also fit the thesis topic, theoretical framework, outline and other chapters. This work is covered by the service Thesis research section: methodology, results and discussion. If the task is an essay, seminar paper or semester paper, explore the service Coursework and essays. The choice depends on what needs to be produced, not just the name of the task.
Can I commission just one stage or revisions to an existing research project?
Yes. You can commission a research proposal, an instrument, data analysis or a report, for example, as well as expansion of a draft or revisions following your lecturer's feedback. Send all the materials you have and indicate what has already been completed. We will check how the objective, methods and results fit together and identify what still needs to be prepared. Additional analyses and new requirements are agreed before work begins on them.
41 questions and answers
Thesis topic, outline and structure
Chapter order, thesis outline and preparation for a meeting with your supervisor.
Learn about “Help with your thesis outline and structure”Back to topics ↑Do you help develop a thesis outline and structure?
Yes. We offer help with thesis structure, including the outline, chapters, sections, introduction, theoretical framework, methodology, research section, conclusion, references and appendices.
A well-planned thesis structure helps keep your work organised. It also connects the topic, theory, research, results and conclusions in a logical way.
I have a topic but no thesis outline. Can I ask for help?
We can start with your topic and initial ideas. To develop a suitable outline, we also need to know the aim, type of thesis and requirements. If some details have not yet been decided, we will identify what needs clarification before you develop the text.
Can you reorganise chapters that have already been written?
Yes. We check their order, scope and connections, then propose or make agreed changes to the structure. Preparing missing content and full language editing are agreed separately if needed.
Is a thesis outline the same as an automatic table of contents?
An outline defines the structure and scope of your thesis. An automatic table of contents is generated within the document from correctly formatted headings. We can help with either or both.
Does every thesis need a separate methodology chapter?
There is no single structure suitable for all theses. The placement of the methods description and the division of chapters depend on the nature of the work and the guidelines of the supervisor or the university. We adapt the structure to the specific task.
The methods description should allow the reader to assess the approach taken. Depending on the type of thesis, it may form a separate chapter or part of an analytical or project chapter.
Can you work with an outline approved by my supervisor?
Yes. We treat it as a starting point and take into account the elements that must remain in the thesis. If we see a need for a larger structural change, we will present a proposal for discussion with the supervisor.
How many chapters should a bachelor's or master's thesis have?
There is no single number suitable for all fields of study. Three chapters in a bachelor's thesis and four in a master's thesis are not a universal rule. The division should result from the topic, the objective, the nature of the work, and the faculty guidelines.
More important than the number is whether each chapter fulfils a specific part of the objective. If the university requires a specific structure, it must be followed.
Must the thesis plan include hypotheses?
The list of chapters usually does not present all research assumptions. Hypotheses may be part of a broader outline if required by the accepted project and the supervisor. They are not automatically necessary in every thesis.
How many sources should I prepare for the first meeting?
Check the requirements of the supervisor. If no number is specified, prepare a few publications that you have actually reviewed and that are relevant, and explain their usefulness. The number of entries in the bibliography does not replace familiarity with their content.
Can I change the plan after the supervisor's approval?
The working plan may require updates during reading, research, and analysis. Significant changes to the objective, scope, material, or method should be agreed with the supervisor. Present the proposed structure and explain what problem it solves.
Changing an approved topic may additionally require a procedure defined by the university.
What should I do if I do not know where to start?
To begin, find the guidelines, note down two topics of interest, and check initial sources. With such a note, it is easier to ask for specific advice. You do not need a complete plan to start a conversation about preparing one.
Do I need a final topic for the first seminar?
This depends on how the classes are organised and the lecturer's instructions. If no final topic is required, prepare a working proposal or a few focused ideas with some initial sources. The first meeting may be intended to establish the direction of your further work.
How detailed should the subchapters be?
Detailed enough to show which issues you will discuss and in what order. Overly general headings make it difficult to assess the scope, while dozens of minor points may fragment the argument. Start with the main parts and refine the subchapters after preliminary reading.
Must the plan include page numbers?
A working structure does not yet have actual page numbers. You can estimate the length of sections if the supervisor asks, but mark it as estimated. The page numbers in the table of contents of the finished thesis should correspond to the document.
Can a plan be prepared without access to respondents?
A proposal can be prepared, but access to the material remains an issue to be resolved. Describe how you intend to obtain it and what you will do if it fails. Do not present participant recruitment as certain when there is no basis for such an assumption.
Must chapters have the same number of pages?
No. They should have the length necessary to fulfil their tasks. Large disparities are worth checking, but they should not be fixed by adding unnecessary content. It is more important to adequately develop the core analysis.
Can I submit just a topic in pedagogy?
Yes. Send the topic or area you wish to work on, the level of study, and any available guidelines from the supervisor or university. I will help define the scope of the work and organise the chapter plan.
Do you help with a pedagogy thesis without original research?
Yes. The scope can include the plan and chapter structure, organising the argumentation, editing the text, and improving citations and the bibliography. I will tailor the help to the nature of the work and the guidelines of the supervisor or university.
Can you help link the description of an institution with a topic in resocialisation?
Yes. Send the topic, the plan, and available materials about the institution. I will help select information relevant to the research problem, organise the description of its tasks and interventions, and link it to the theoretical or research part. This ensures the institution description has a defined role in the argument.
How to link criminological theories with the analysis in a diploma thesis?
It is worth indicating which concepts and assumptions of a given theory help answer the research question, and then using them when discussing the material. Send the topic, the plan, the theoretical part, and the collected sources or results. I will help organise the connections between chapters and limit sections that do not develop the main problem.
How to limit an overly extensive description of an office in a public administration thesis?
It is worth keeping only the information needed to understand the research problem. In a thesis about serving residents, this will primarily be the tasks, organisation, and contact channels related to that service. Send the topic, the plan, and the description of the office. I will help select relevant fragments, reduce repetitions, and link the description to the further analysis.
How to organise conflicting court rulings in a law thesis?
It is worth grouping them by issues and positions, taking into account the factual background, the legal basis, and the period they concern. A difference in rulings does not always mean a dispute in interpretation. Send the rulings with their justifications and a fragment of the thesis. I will help refine the comparative structure and clearly separate the courts' positions from your commentary.
How to narrow down a topic on the war in Ukraine in a thesis on internal security?
Choose a specific outcome or area of action: crisis communication, disinformation, civil protection, organising assistance for people fleeing war, or residents' sense of security. Also define the time period, location, institution, or target group. Send your idea and any available materials. I will help refine the topic so it can be developed based on sources you have access to.
Is the first chapter of a thesis the introduction?
Usually, the introduction and the first substantive chapter serve different functions. The introduction presents the topic, objective, scope, and structure of the work. The theoretical chapter develops the concepts, theories, and literature findings necessary for further analysis. However, some programmes use a different structure or number the introduction as a chapter. Check your faculty guidelines and the agreed plan.
Can the theoretical part have more than one chapter?
Yes, if the topic and the adopted structure of the work justify it. For example, two chapters might discuss separate areas whose relationship you analyse later. Each chapter should have a clear function and lead towards the objective of the work. Do not split the theory solely to increase the number of chapters, and do not repeat the same definitions. Agree on the structure with your supervisor.
Must the first chapter of a thesis start with definitions?
There is no universal rule for this. You can start with a brief presentation of the problem and an explanation of the chapter's purpose, then clarify key concepts. Select definitions according to the objective of the work and compare their significance for the issue being analysed. The order depends on the discipline, the nature of the work, and the supervisor's guidelines.
Can I choose a supervisor without a ready topic?
You can start with your area of interest and a person who works on similar issues. However, check what the supervisor and your programme require during registration.
Is a demanding supervisor a bad choice?
High standards alone do not determine the quality of the collaboration. What matters is whether the feedback is specific, deadlines are clear, and the working style suits your needs.
Must the supervisor accept my first topic?
Do not assume such acceptance. The idea may need to be narrowed or changed due to research feasibility. Ask about the reason and possible directions for improvement.
Does changing supervisors give more time to submit the thesis?
This does not automatically result from the change itself. Check the current university rules and the conditions for any possible extension of the deadline.
What should the introduction to a bachelor's or master's thesis contain?
The introduction should present the problem, the reasons for choosing the topic, the objective, the scope, and the approach to analysing the material. It is also useful to explain briefly what each chapter contributes. The description must reflect the actual content of the thesis. Adapt the precise structure to your university guidelines and arrangements with your supervisor; do not put the entire literature review or a detailed research procedure into the introduction.
How many pages should the introduction to a thesis be?
There is no single length suitable for every bachelor's and master's thesis. First, check the requirements of your university and supervisor. The introduction should clearly present the problem, objective, scope, and the path to the answer, without unnecessary generalities or details belonging to the chapters. Evaluate the completeness of the information, not just the number of pages.
When to write the introduction: before the chapters or after finishing them?
It is useful to draft an introduction when planning the thesis, as it helps clarify the objective, scope, and chapter structure. Revisit it after completing the full text. Check that the material, approach, and sequence of sections described in the introduction match the finished thesis. Remove references to research or analyses that were not ultimately carried out.
What should the conclusion of a bachelor's or master's thesis contain?
The conclusion brings together the response to the thesis objective and research questions, drawing on the preceding chapters. State the main findings, use them to summarise your answer to the problem, and explain its limitations. Include justified applications or further steps where they follow from the thesis. Do not replace your conclusions with a list of chapters or a statement that the objective has been achieved. Follow your university requirements for the structure of the concluding section and conclusions.
How does the conclusion of a thesis differ from the discussion of results?
The discussion interprets the findings in detail, compares them with the literature, and examines their context. The conclusion brings together the answer to the problem addressed by the thesis as a whole. If these are separate sections, do not copy the full discussion into the conclusion: select the findings needed for the final answer and restate their limitations. Structure the relationship between these sections according to the thesis requirements.
Can new results or sources be added in the conclusion?
Key results, documents, and calculations should have been presented earlier in the appropriate part of the analysis. The conclusion should not introduce them as new evidence. However, there is no universal ban on all references to sources: the guidelines and the function of the reference are what matter. Do not develop a new literature review here and do not replace your own answer to the objective of the work with a quote.
How do I write the conclusion of a theoretical thesis without conducting my own research?
Refer to the objective achieved through literature analysis, comparison of positions, or ordering of concepts. Show what results from this work, on which sources you base your answer, and where its boundaries lie. Do not add respondents or a survey that were not in the work. Further directions of analysis should result from identified limitations, not from a general recommendation to conduct further research.
Can you propose a thesis topic if I do not have any ideas yet?
Yes. Start with the field of study, specialisation, type of work, and areas of interest. Seminar guidelines and information about which data or documents you have access to will be useful. Based on this, we determine the scope of the proposal and prepare topics with a brief justification of feasibility.
What will I receive as part of thesis topic selection?
The scope may include title proposals, an explanation of the problem, a preliminary assessment of the availability of sources and materials, and a working direction for further work. We agree on the number of proposals and the level of detail before starting. A detailed outline and an expanded list of literature require separate agreement.
Can you narrow down a thesis topic that the supervisor considered too broad?
Yes. Send the topic and the supervisor's comments. We can narrow down the problem, group, period, or context of the analysis and propose a new formulation. The change should consider available sources, research material, and thesis requirements.
Does topic selection include a detailed chapter plan immediately?
Not automatically. Topic selection defines the problem and assesses what the thesis can draw on. Detailed chapter and subsection titles, together with descriptions of their content, are part of preparing the outline. You can request both services together if this is agreed before work begins.
29 questions and answers
Methodology and surveys
Objectives, hypotheses, research tools, and data collection.
Learn about “Help with your thesis methodology chapter”Back to topics ↑Do you help with the methodology of original research?
Yes. We offer support with the methodology of original research, including defining the research objective and subject, research questions, hypotheses, variables, indicators, method, technique, and research instrument.
The most important thing is that all elements of the methodology are consistent with one another. The research instrument, such as a questionnaire or interview guide, should follow from the research questions and enable you to collect the data needed for the subsequent analysis of results.
Can I commission the preparation of a survey or questionnaire?
Yes. We prepare surveys, questionnaires, and other research tools for bachelor's theses, master's theses, and coursework. You can commission just the tool.
We need the topic, aim, research questions and any hypotheses that have been established. We tailor the questions to the research design, variables and indicators so you can collect the data needed for analysis. If the design is not yet ready, developing it can be included in the agreed support.
Does every thesis or survey require hypotheses?
No. Whether hypotheses are appropriate depends on the objective and nature of the research. Testing relationships requires a different approach from research focused on description or exploring experiences. We adapt the approach to the project and the requirements of the relevant degree programme.
If you formulate hypotheses, plan the data and analysis that will allow you to actually test them. Do not add them solely to fill out the chapter scheme.
Can you check an already written methodological chapter?
Yes. We can analyse its structure, the link between the objectives and research questions, and the consistency of the descriptions of the methods and research instrument. Include your supervisor's comments and the questionnaire or interview guide itself so that we can assess the whole, rather than the description alone.
What if I already have research results?
Send the tool used, the assumptions, and information about the collected data. First, we will check what questions the data can answer. The methodology description should reflect the actual course of the research; missing information cannot always be supplemented without additional data collection.
How many sentences should the thesis objective have?
The main objective can often be stated in one or two sentences. Justification, scope, and specific objectives may require separate elaboration. There is no single length required for all fields of study. A longer description will not fix an unclear objective.
How many specific objectives must be formulated?
As many as you need to logically develop the main objective within the thesis requirements. Each specific objective should have a justification and be reflected in the analysis. There is no mandatory number for all theses.
Can the thesis objective start with 'presentation'?
Yes, if you specify what result is to be achieved. 'Presentation of management issues' is too broad. Indicating a specific process, material, and perspective allows for assessing what you actually plan to do. Sometimes 'comparison', 'identification', or 'evaluation' may be more appropriate.
Are the thesis objective and the research objective always the same?
They can be very similar, but do not have to be. The objective of the entire thesis may include literature analysis, empirical research, and the development of recommendations. The objective of original research then refers to the empirical part. Agree on the terminology and division with your supervisor.
Can the objective be changed after the survey is prepared?
Yes, but you must check the consistency of the new objective with the questions and planned analysis. Before starting the research, this may mean improving the tool. After collecting data, possibilities are limited by what was actually measured. Do not add findings that the data does not allow you to obtain.
Must a survey have 20 or 30 questions?
No. The number of questions is justified by the scope of the research, not a universal limit. Remove unnecessary items, but check if the remaining ones still allow you to answer all research problems. Agree on thesis requirements with your supervisor.
Can I use a ready-made survey?
Yes, if it fits the objective and the group being studied, and its terms of use permit this. Check the source, conditions of use, and method of interpretation. A questionnaire found online does not become a validated instrument just because another student has used it.
Should all questions be mandatory?
Not automatically. A mandatory question must allow for a sensible answer by the person it is directed to. If the topic does not concern them, apply a filter or an appropriate variant. Forcing a random answer increases the completeness of the sheet but reduces the usefulness of the data.
Can I modify questions after starting the research?
Changing the meaning of a question or the set of answers may make results before and after the change non-comparable. Record the scope and date of the change and agree on further action with your supervisor. It is best to catch such problems in the pilot phase.
Is an online survey always anonymous?
No. It depends on the information collected and how the study is organised. Even without a name, detailed demographic information and the content of responses may make it possible to identify a person in a small group. The survey introduction must reflect how data are actually collected.
Does every master's thesis have to include a survey?
No. The type of material and how it is analysed depend on the objective and requirements. A thesis may be based on interviews, documents, existing data, literature, or the design of a solution, among other approaches. Do not add a survey solely to fit a template.
Can I request a review of just the questionnaire?
Yes. Please provide the questionnaire, the topic, the objective, the research questions, and information about the target group. I will check whether the questions allow you to collect the necessary information and whether the instrument is consistent with the research assumptions.
Can I revise the methodology of a psychology thesis after data collection?
Yes. Please send the topic, research questions, hypotheses, a description of the instruments, and information about the actual course of the study. I will help you organise the methodology according to what was actually done and point out any discrepancies between the assumptions and the description.
What should I prepare for the analysis of existing data in a sociology thesis?
Please send the topic, objective, and research questions, selected reports or documents, and links to the data sets used. Indicate the period, area, and social group of interest. Include the supervisor's or university's guidelines so I can determine the scope of the material and how to organise it.
Can media reports be used as material for a criminology thesis?
Yes, provided they align with the thesis objective and their use is agreed with the supervisor. They can be used, for example, to analyse how crime is portrayed in the media. You must define the criteria for selecting publications, the period, and the method of analysis, and distinguish media reports from findings confirmed in other sources. I can help you organise this description and identify the limitations of the material.
Can a public administration thesis be based on documents from the BIP without a survey?
Yes, if the document analysis fits the topic and the supervisor's or university's guidelines. The thesis objective, selection criteria, period, and method of analysis are important. Send the topic, plan, and any available resolutions, regulations, activity reports, or other reports. I will help organise the research design and clarify the role of each source.
What should be described in the methodology of a law thesis based on statutes and case law?
The description should explain the problem you are analysing, the sources you use, and how you reach your conclusions. Depending on the topic, it may cover doctrinal legal analysis, comparative analysis, or legal historical analysis. Send the topic, plan, and the supervisor's or university's guidelines. I will help connect the description of the method with the work actually carried out, without adding research that was not conducted.
What should I prepare for the analysis of disinformation in a thesis?
Send the topic, research questions, chosen period, and the collected materials: links, publication dates, screenshots, and any available fact-checks and reports. The criteria for selecting content and the way you establish that a message is false or misleading are important. I will help organise the sample of materials, analysis categories, and description of the method. Errors, opinions, and deliberate disinformation must be distinguished.
Can I write a thesis about security services using publicly available sources?
Yes, if the available sources let you answer the research questions and the scope fits your supervisor’s or university’s guidelines. You can use academic publications, legislation and regulations, reports, statistics and official communications. I will help tailor the analysis to those materials, define selection criteria and describe limitations. You do not need to claim access to information you do not have.
Does a nursing case study require statistical tests?
A single-patient case study usually uses a structured description of the case, nursing problems, goals, interventions, and evaluation of care. Using a scale or taking several measurements does not in itself mean that statistical tests are needed. The scope of the study depends on the thesis design and the supervisor's or university's guidelines. Send the plan and anonymised material, and I will help determine an appropriate structure and way to present the data.
What will I receive when I commission a research questionnaire?
The agreed scope may include questions, response options, instructions, participant background questions and routing, as well as notes on how the questions relate to the research design. We provide the material in the agreed format for further checking and discussion with your supervisor. Collecting responses and analysing the results are not automatically included in questionnaire preparation.
Does questionnaire preparation include setting it up as an online form?
Not automatically. Transferring questions to a chosen form, setting filters, and checking functionality must be included in the scope of the commission. Before starting, we agree on how the instrument will be delivered, the required settings, and access organisation. A file with questions does not mean the survey is published.
What type of questionnaire do you prepare for a survey?
We can prepare a custom questionnaire tailored to the aim and research questions, or plan how to use an existing scale. For an existing instrument, we check its intended purpose, available language version and conditions of use. We determine the type of questionnaire, question structure, response options and method of processing the data based on the research concept.
How do you adapt the questionnaire to the respondent group?
Please send a description of the group your survey is intended for and the research aim. We adapt the wording of the questions, response options, demographic questions and instructions to the participants and the way the survey will be conducted. We take the planned respondent group and method of collecting responses into account when preparing the instrument within the agreed scope.
17 questions and answers
Statistical analysis
Test selection, correlations, data preparation and quotes for statistical calculations.
Learn about “Statistical analysis for bachelor’s and master’s theses”Back to topics ↑Do I need to know which statistical test to commission?
No. Not every thesis requires statistical tests. Please send the research questions, hypotheses, the survey, and the database. I will check the type of variables, group structure, and method assumptions, and then propose an analysis that corresponds to the research objective.
What is the difference between the chi-square test and the Student's t-test?
The chi-square test of independence examines the association between categorical variables based on frequencies. The t-test is used to compare the means of a quantitative variable. The variant of the test depends, among other things, on whether the groups being compared are independent or whether two measurements of the same individuals are being analysed.
When should I use Pearson's correlation and when Spearman's?
Example: are higher stress levels associated with lower satisfaction? Pearson's correlation describes a linear relationship between quantitative variables. Spearman's correlation is based on ranks and assesses monotonic relationships, including those involving ordinal data. Before selecting the method, I will consider the measurement scale. I will check the scatter plot and the possible influence of outliers. Correlation alone does not establish causation.
Are charts from Google Forms sufficient for statistical tests?
Usually, a database of individual responses is required, for example an export to XLSX or CSV. Aggregate charts alone often do not allow reconstructing relationships between answers or calculating correlations. Please also send the questionnaire and the scoring key for scales, if used.
How many people are needed for statistical analysis in a master's thesis?
There is no single number suitable for every thesis. The planned test, the number and size of groups, the expected effect size, and the required power and precision of the analysis are important. A small sample limits inference. It is best to discuss the sample size before starting data collection.
How much does statistical analysis for a degree thesis cost?
I will prepare a quote after reviewing the database and research questions. The cost depends on data cleaning, the number and complexity of analyses, the scope of tables and description, and the deadline. I do not price the service based solely on the number of pages in the thesis.
What will I receive after the statistical analysis is completed?
I agree the scope before starting. It may include a prepared dataset, descriptive statistics, test results, tables, charts, a description of the methods and interpretation in relation to the research questions. We agree the format of editable files and any materials from the software when I prepare the quote.
Does the analysis have to be performed in SPSS or Statistica?
There is no single mandatory program for all Polish universities. The correctness of the method and the requirements for your thesis are important. If your supervisor requires a specific program or output file, please specify this before the quote so I can confirm feasibility.
Is a p-value < 0.05 sufficient to confirm a hypothesis?
No. With a pre-set significance level of 0.05, a p-value < 0.05 allows rejecting the null hypothesis within the adopted model and its assumptions. It does not mean that the research hypothesis is true with 95% probability.
Describe the direction and size of the effect, the confidence interval, the sample size, and the limitations of measurement and participant selection. Also consider multiple testing. A significant result alone does not prove causality or the practical importance of the difference.
How should I describe a confidence interval in a master's thesis?
State the confidence level, the estimated parameter, and the interval limits, for example: the mean difference was 4 points, and its 95% confidence interval ranged from 1.33 to 6.67 points. Maintain the unit of measurement and specify for which comparison the interval was calculated.
In a frequentist interpretation, the 95% level refers to the procedure: in repeatedly conducted studies meeting the assumptions, approximately 95% of such intervals would contain the true parameter. It does not mean that 95% of participants obtained a result between the given limits. A wide interval indicates lower precision of the estimate.
When should I use the chi-square test and when Fisher's exact test?
Example: is participation in training associated with choosing a specific answer? I will prepare a cross-tabulation with frequencies and percentages, check expected frequencies, and verify the independence of observations. If the chi-square approximation is inappropriate, I will consider an exact method, such as Fisher's test. I will supplement the p-value with an appropriate measure of association strength, such as Cramer's V.
When should I use Student's t-test and when Welch's t-test?
Example: do two groups differ in mean scale score? I will distinguish between independent samples and repeated measures from the same individuals. For independent groups with unequal variances, Welch's test can be applied. For pre- and post-measures, within-pair differences are important. I will base the assessment on the distribution, outliers, and sample size, not solely on one normality test.
When should I use ANOVA and post hoc comparisons?
Example: comparing scale scores between three occupational groups. I will select the analysis variant to match the study design and assumptions. If further comparisons are justified, I will include an appropriate post hoc procedure and address the issue of multiple testing. I will not treat repeated measures as independent groups.
When should I use non-parametric tests based on ranks?
Depending on the data and the question, Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, or Friedman tests may be useful. Each corresponds to a different arrangement of groups and measurements. I do not automatically interpret every rank test as a comparison of medians; such a conclusion requires additional assumptions.
When is scale reliability analysed and regression applied?
For multi-item questionnaires, scale consistency can be assessed, for example using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. An alpha result is not standalone evidence of the tool's validity. If the question involves several predictors, I will check the possibility of applying regression. I will define the scope after evaluating the sample size, variables, and model assumptions.
Do you perform statistical analyses for other fields of study as well?
Quantitative methods are also used in theses in management, physiotherapy, and dietetics, among others. Please send the topic, research plan, and data. I will first assess whether the project fits within the scope of support, rather than assigning the same tests to all fields.
Does the scope of statistical analysis depend on whether I am writing a bachelor's or a master's thesis?
The scope is determined by the research questions and faculty guidelines. A bachelor's thesis may only require descriptive statistics, but some projects require tests. A master's thesis can also be qualitative or theoretical.
30 questions and answers
Analysing and presenting research findings
From respondent answers to tables, analysis, and conclusions.
Learn about “Analysis and presentation of research results for your thesis”Back to topics ↑Can I order just the analysis and presentation of survey results?
Yes. The scope may include organising data, tables, charts, frequency and percentage summaries, commentary, overall summaries and hypothesis testing if the research design includes it. We link the analysis to the aim and research questions.
Send the collected responses, the questionnaire, the aim and research questions and the supervisor's requirements for the analysis.
Do you prepare tables and charts for the thesis?
Yes. We can prepare tables and charts for a bachelor's thesis, master's thesis, or coursework. This includes organising data, preparing numerical and percentage summaries, describing tables, labelling charts, and commenting on the results.
Well-prepared tables and charts make the research section easier to read and help clearly present the key findings.
Are charts from Google Forms sufficient?
They can be helpful for describing simple summaries. For checking calculations, comparing groups, or analysing relationships, you usually need to export individual responses, for example to Excel or CSV, along with the survey content. The charts alone do not show all the information needed for such an analysis.
Does every survey or thesis require statistical tests?
No. The scope of the analysis depends on the aim of the work and the research questions. Sometimes counts, percentages, and descriptive statistics are enough. If the study concerns differences or relationships, we check which methods are appropriate for the data and whether the conditions for their application are met.
A thesis based on interpreting regulations, a literature review, qualitative analysis of interviews, or an individual case study may not require testing statistical hypotheses. In qualitative research, the analysis may focus on the meaning of the statements. In that case, the appropriate support may be methodology, material analysis, or text editing. I do not add calculations just to make the thesis look more scientific or advanced.
Does the service cover interviews and open-ended questions?
Yes, the scope can include organising participant accounts, coding, identifying categories or themes, and describing them with examples from the material. We adapt our approach to the chosen qualitative method and the thesis research questions.
What if the results do not support the hypothesis?
We describe this in line with the analysis. A lack of support for the hypothesis is a research finding, not a reason to change the respondents' answers.
It also does not automatically mean the aim was not achieved: the aim may have been to check a specific relationship. We explain what follows from the data and what limitations must be considered. A lack of support for the hypothesis does not by itself prove that the relationship definitely does not exist.
Can an already prepared research chapter be improved?
Yes. We can check the consistency of tables, charts, calculations, comments, and conclusions, and adjust the layout to the supervisor's comments. To verify the accuracy of the results, we will also need the source data and the research instrument.
Is Excel enough for analysing survey results?
For organising data, simple summaries, percentages, and charts, a spreadsheet may be enough. More complex analysis requires appropriate tools and knowledge of their assumptions. The choice of software should be based on the task. The software itself does not assess whether the analysis method fits the research design.
Can the sum of percentages exceed 100%?
Yes, for example when calculating the percentage of people selecting each option in a question that allows multiple answers. The calculation method must be explained. For a single-choice question with mutually exclusive categories and the same denominator, the percentages should add up to about 100%, with a possible small difference due to rounding.
Is a description needed for every chart?
The result should be discussed in the text, but the commentary does not need to repeat every value. Highlight the key finding and its connection to the research question. Avoid including a series of charts without explaining why they are shown.
What to do if the hypothesis could not be tested?
Write what prevented its evaluation: lack of necessary measurement, incomplete data, or other limitations. Distinguish the inability to evaluate from a result that does not support the hypothesis. Agree on the next steps with the supervisor, without adding answers or changing the data.
What should I prepare for the analysis and presentation of results in a psychology thesis?
Include the research questions, hypotheses, description of variables and tools, and available analysis summaries. If you also need calculations, send an anonymised dataset with a description of columns and the coding method for responses. Based on this, I will determine the scope of support.
What materials should I send for editing the discussion section of a psychology thesis?
Send the aim of the work, questions and hypotheses, the results chapter, the methodology description, and the literature used. Include the existing discussion and the supervisor's comments, if you have them. These materials allow the interpretation to be related to the actual results and previous studies.
What should I send for the analysis of interviews in a sociology thesis?
Send anonymised transcripts, the interview guide, the aim and research questions, and a description of participant selection. Include the adopted analysis method and the supervisor's comments, if you have them. Based on this, I will determine the scope of organising themes, summarising statements, and editing the chapter.
When analysing survey results, will you account for missing responses and questions that allow multiple answers?
Yes. Send the questionnaire and the spreadsheet with responses, along with an explanation of the notation used. I will help organise the counts, the base for calculating percentages, and table descriptions, so it is clear how many people the summary covers and how missing responses were handled.
Can data from several reports be combined in a sociology thesis?
Yes, after checking whether the comparison is justified. The definitions of indicators, the groups studied, the periods, the areas, and the data collection method are important. I will help organise this information and highlight the differences and limitations that must be considered in the description of the results.
What materials should I send for preparing a description of a resocialisation programme?
Send the thesis topic and aim, the available programme description, information about its target group, underlying principles and activities, and your supervisor's guidelines. If you have reports, research findings or interviews concerning the programme, include anonymised versions. I will tailor the scope of the work to what the materials actually show.
Are the opinions of educators sufficient to evaluate the effectiveness of a resocialisation programme?
The opinions of educators allow you to present their perspective, experiences, and assessment of the activities. They are not sufficient on their own to demonstrate the effectiveness of the programme. I will help separate the accounts of the participants from conclusions about the effects and tailor the scope of interpretation to the research design and available data.
Can police and court statistics be compared in a criminology thesis?
They can be used in a single study, but not always compared directly. You must check whether they refer to events, individuals, proceedings, or convictions, and also compare the time periods, geographical areas, and category definitions. Please send the tables, explanations, and data sources. I will help organise the comparison and describe its limitations.
Does a survey of perceived safety show the level of crime?
A survey of perceived safety describes respondents' reports of threats or fears. On its own, it does not establish the number of crimes. In your thesis, distinguish these responses from experiences of victimisation and statistics on recorded incidents. I will help organise the presentation of results and conclusions in line with what the survey actually asked.
Are residents' opinions enough to evaluate the performance of a public office?
Residents' opinions describe the experiences and assessments of the surveyed group, for example regarding communication or access to information. On their own, they do not establish whether a public office complies with regulations or how well it performs in every respect. I will help align the presentation of results and conclusions with the scope of the survey, participant selection and available documents.
Can analysing posts establish the impact of disinformation on an audience?
Content analysis alone shows what messages appear in the studied material, but it does not prove their impact on recipients. The number of views or reactions also does not automatically mean a change in attitudes. Conclusions about reception require a properly planned study, and claims about causal impact require even stronger evidence. I will help align your questions and the description of results with what your data can actually establish.
Can you help analyse and present the results of a standardised scale in a nursing thesis?
Yes. Please send the respondents' answers, the name of the instrument and the Polish version used, and the scoring rules, including point values, subscales, reverse-scored items and how to handle missing responses. I will help prepare the dataset, calculate scores according to the documentation and present them in tables and text. Any group comparisons, correlations or assessment of internal consistency will be tailored to the instrument, sample and research questions.
How to compare results before and after health education in a nursing thesis?
First, you must establish whether both measurements concern the same individuals and whether their responses can be correctly linked. Such data require analysis for dependent measures. For appropriate quantitative data, you can consider the paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test; the choice depends on the type of data and the assumptions of the analysis. I will prepare the summaries and description of change, taking into account missing measurements. Comparing before and after results, without an appropriate research design, does not determine that the change was caused solely by the education.
Do I have to repeat all the numbers in the discussion?
No. Detailed data belong in the results section. In the discussion, cite only those findings that are necessary to explain the significance of the study, compare it with the literature, and formulate cautious conclusions.
Does an unconfirmed hypothesis mean a poorly executed thesis?
No. Such a result also requires discussion. Describe what was not found in the studied group, compare the result with the literature, and consider the study's limitations. Do not equate a lack of significance with proof of a complete absence of a relationship.
What should I write when my results differ from those of other studies?
Show what the difference is and compare the groups, research instruments and methods. Make clear that any proposed explanations are tentative. If you cannot establish the reason for the discrepancy, state this explicitly.
Is there one required structure for the discussion section?
No. The structure should suit the research question, the nature of the results and the university's requirements. It can be helpful to organise the discussion around successive questions or hypotheses. Whatever the structure, the task is to interpret the results, relate them to the literature and state the limits of the conclusions.
How does preparing the research chapter differ from statistical analysis?
The research chapter combines a description of the actual study, presentation of results, interpretation and answers to the thesis research questions. Statistical analysis concerns the choice of methods and calculations on quantitative data. You can request both types of support together, but we agree any new tests and verification of calculations separately after reviewing the material.
Do I need to have collected data already to prepare the research part?
To describe the results, actual research material is required. Before collecting data, we can help plan the method, tool, and structure of the future analysis. We do not create results or descriptions of participants who did not take part in the study.
26 questions and answers
References, footnotes and sources
Citations, formatting styles, and literature selection for your thesis.
Learn about “Reference list and citation corrections for your thesis”Back to topics ↑Do you help with bibliography and footnotes?
Yes. We help organise the bibliography, footnotes, citations, and references in the text. We can check whether the sources used in the thesis are in the bibliography and whether the bibliography contains items that do not appear in the text.
We work with various citation styles, such as APA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, MLA, ISO 690, the Oxford system, footnotes, and in-text references.
Do you correct the bibliography in APA, Harvard, or Chicago style?
Yes. We can correct the bibliography and footnotes according to the required citation style. This most often concerns styles such as APA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, MLA, ISO 690 and footnotes.
If the university or supervisor requires a specific way of recording sources, you can send the guidelines, and the bibliography and footnotes will be standardised according to these rules.
Do you check whether the sources in the bibliography exist?
Within the agreed scope, we check whether bibliographic entries can be identified and flag entries that raise doubts. Not finding a publication in a search does not prove that it does not exist. Checking a quotation or whether a reference accurately represents a publication requires access to the source.
Can the citation style be changed throughout the thesis?
Yes. This change covers both the bibliography and in-text citations or footnotes. We first check whether the bibliographic details are available and which version of the style is required, so the whole document remains consistent.
Do all items in the reference list have to be cited?
It depends on the guidelines and the type of list. The cited literature includes sources referenced in the text, with exceptions allowed by specific styles. Some universities allow a broader bibliography that includes materials used to familiarise oneself with the topic. We do not automatically remove such items.
A working list of found publications is not yet the final reference list. Do not add unread sources just to increase the number of items. In APA, the reference list essentially corresponds to the in-text citations.
Does a paraphrase require a source citation?
Yes, when it presents someone else's idea or finding. We check source attribution for both paraphrases and direct quotes. Verifying that a quote matches the original requires access to the cited publication.
Putting a sentence in your own words does not remove the need to acknowledge the source. However, this does not mean you must add a footnote to every sentence that sets out your own argument.
Is a link to the publication enough? What about an incomplete source description?
A link alone is usually not enough. You need a bibliographic description that matches the type of publication and the required style, including the author, title, and relevant book or journal details.
We check whether the source can be clearly identified and supplement verifiable data. If information cannot be established, we flag it as missing for clarification. We do not add unverified authors, dates, or page numbers.
Is an access date required for every online source?
Not always. It depends on the citation style, the type of source, and university guidelines. We correct the entire description of the online material, not just the address, taking into account required data and the format for DOI or URL.
Where can I find free literature for a bachelor's thesis?
Start with Biblioteka Nauki, BazHum, a relevant subject database, and repositories. Availability depends on the publication. Also check resources available through your library. Focus on the usefulness of the text, not just whether you can download it for free.
Can a thesis be based only on Polish sources?
It depends on the topic and requirements. For an international topic, restricting sources to one language may leave out important research. Polish sources help describe the Polish context, while sources from other countries can broaden the comparison. The choice should follow the research question, not a fixed proportion.
Is an academic article found online less valuable than a book?
No. How you access a publication does not determine its academic value. A journal article remains a journal article when you read it online. Assess the publication type, content, and method. A book and an empirical study can serve different, complementary purposes.
Can I copy the bibliography from another thesis?
You can treat it as a lead for your search. However, do not automatically add items to your own list. Locate the text, verify the data, and use it according to its content. Be especially careful of errors that may be repeated in subsequent works.
How do I search for literature if the topic has changed?
Compare the new topic with the previous one: which concepts, groups, and questions are still relevant? Keep suitable sources and mark the rest as irrelevant to the current version. Then fill in the missing areas. You do not need to start from scratch, but it is not worth fitting the new topic to randomly collected files.
Is the absence of a place of publication in the bibliography an error?
Not always. It depends on the style. APA 7 does not require the place of publication for books. In another system or local guidelines, this element may be necessary.
Are correct footnotes enough to make the text your own work?
No. Citations show where information comes from. Producing your own work also requires engaging properly with the content: understanding sources, comparing them, and clearly separating quotations from your own discussion. Simply adding a bibliography to a chapter assembled from borrowed material does not solve this problem.
When correcting APA citations, will you consider my university's guidelines?
Yes. Please send the current text and the supervisor's or university's guidelines, including the required APA version and any additional rules. Based on this, I will organise the in-text citations, the reference list, and other agreed formatting elements.
Why must a public administration thesis specify the period covered by the analysis?
Regulations, institutional tasks, and organisational documents can change. Defining the period helps establish which versions of sources relate to the described situation. Please send the date or year range adopted in the thesis, source materials, and the supervisor's guidelines. I will help organise the citations and indicate places where the date or document version needs clarification.
What should I send for correcting footnotes to court rulings and legal commentaries?
Attach the text with footnotes, the list of sources, and the supervisor's or university's guidelines. For court rulings, we need details that allow us to locate them, such as the court, date, case number, and publication source. For legal commentaries, useful details include the author of the relevant commentary passage, the editor, the edition, and the article, page, or numbered point, depending on the publication. If anything is missing, send a link or a copy of the passage used, together with the source details.
Must the bibliography in a nursing thesis be in Vancouver style?
Not always. The citation method specified in the supervisor's or university's guidelines applies. If Vancouver is required, I will help organise the citation numbering, the order of items, and the formatting of authors, titles, journals, volumes, pages, and DOI identifiers. I will also check the consistency of in-text citations with the reference list.
Does every paragraph in a theoretical chapter require a footnote?
It is not the number of paragraphs that decides, but the origin of the information. Others' findings, definitions, data, arguments, and paraphrases require source attribution according to the applied style. Your own introduction to the chapter structure may not require a citation. However, the reader must know which sentences are based on a specific publication. One footnote at the end of a long paragraph may be insufficient when discussing multiple authors.
Can you source and provide literature for a specific subsection?
Yes. We can prepare and provide the necessary literature and bibliography for a specified subsection or all chapters of the thesis. Send the topic, plan, title of the selected part, and a description of the issues. You can include a draft fragment and sources you already have. Before starting, we will agree on the scope of materials, their availability, and the method of delivery.
Will I receive full texts of all found publications?
Not always. Some materials are publicly available, while others are accessible via the library or paid access. In the list, we indicate the access method and whether the full text, abstract, or catalogue description was checked. Purchasing publications and using paid resources require separate agreement.
How does literature preparation differ from bibliography correction?
Literature preparation includes preparing and providing the necessary source materials and bibliography for all chapters or a specified part of the thesis. Bibliography correction organises descriptions and references to publications already used in the text. These scopes can be combined, but one does not automatically include the other. We agree on the form and availability of the provided materials before starting.
Is the list of found sources a ready-made literature review?
No. The list indicates publications and their potential usefulness. A literature review requires reading the materials, comparing findings, and developing a coherent synthesis. A systematic review additionally requires a defined search and study eligibility method. We agree on such tasks separately.
What does preparing and providing literature for a degree thesis include?
We prepare source materials needed for the agreed topic and chapter scope, along with the related bibliography. Before starting, we agree on the form of materials, file formats, and delivery method. We indicate whether the full text, a fragment, abstract, or publication description is available. If the full text cannot be provided, we specify the limitation and access method.
Do you prepare literature for the entire thesis or just one chapter?
Yes. You can commission the preparation and provision of all the literature needed for every chapter or for one specified chapter. Send the topic, outline, and requirements for sources. Based on this, we will agree on the scope of materials and prepare a package with a bibliography and guidance on using the publications in the relevant parts of the thesis.
11 questions and answers
Formatting and university requirements
Lists, numbering, document styles, and preparing the file for submission.
Learn about “Bachelor’s and master’s thesis formatting”Back to topics ↑Do you adapt the thesis to university guidelines?
Yes. We can adapt the thesis to university, faculty, or supervisor guidelines. This includes document formatting, margins, font, line spacing, page numbering, chapter layout, footnotes, bibliography, table of contents, list of tables, list of charts, captions, and appendices.
It is enough to send the document and university requirements, after which the scope of necessary corrections can be agreed.
Can I commission only the bibliography, footnotes, table of contents, or numbering?
Yes. You do not need to order a full thesis correction. You can commission only the bibliography, footnotes, formatting, table of contents, tables, charts, appendices, page numbering, or adapting the document to university guidelines.
This is a good solution when the content is ready, but the document requires technical organisation before sending it to the supervisor, checking it in JSA, or submitting it to the university.
Which guidelines should I send?
It is best to provide the current technical requirements of the university or faculty and the supervisor's notes. These may specify margins, font, line spacing, headings, footnotes, bibliography, and how to describe tables and figures.
Can you adapt the thesis to APA 7?
The scope can include formatting citations, bibliography, headings, tables, and captions according to APA 7, if required by the provided guidelines. Send the current university document, as it may specify its own settings or indicate a different version of the standard.
Does formatting include language proofreading?
This service concerns the technical and formal aspects of the document. If you also need language, style, or sentence structure improvement, check the service “Bachelor’s and master’s thesis proofreading and editing” and indicate this need in your message.
How are the price and deadline for formatting my thesis agreed?
Send the document, requirements, and the needed deadline. After an initial assessment, the scope of corrections can be agreed, the quote discussed, and feasibility checked.
What font and line spacing are required for a master's thesis?
The values are defined by the guidelines for your thesis. Popular settings are not a universal requirement. Separate rules may apply to the main text, footnotes, tables, and block quotes.
Should the page number be visible on the title page?
It depends on the instructions. Distinguish between counting the page and displaying the number. Hiding the number on the first page and starting the count from the next page are two different settings.
Why did the table of contents shift after changing margins?
The document layout changed, so chapters may have moved to different pages. Update the automatic table of contents and check the result. If the table of contents is entered manually, consider replacing it with one based on headings.
Is it enough to select the entire document and set one font?
No. This process does not organise styles, sections, numbering or captions. It may also remove necessary variation between elements. First, define the functions and styles, and then correct specific groups of text.
Do I have to print the thesis?
Check the current submission procedure at your university. Do not order binding and printing based on habits from previous years. Requirements regarding the number of copies and the form of submission may vary.
21 questions and answers
Thesis review and text similarity
Thesis review, JSA report, and editing of citations and paraphrases.
Learn about “Thesis review”Back to topics ↑Does a low PRP score mean the thesis does not contain AI-generated text?
This cannot be determined based on the PRP score alone. Similarity to sources and analysis of potential AI usage are different issues. Check the relevant section of the report and the supervisor's comments.
Does checking the thesis in JSA cause self-plagiarism in a subsequent attempt?
According to the official JSA FAQ, the examined file does not enter the reference database solely due to the check. A subsequent attempt does not compare it with the previous one solely because that check was performed. This is a different situation than publishing the text on the internet or placing a defended thesis in ORPPD.
Will the result of a free plagiarism check be the same as in JSA?
Do not assume such consistency. To interpret the result, you need information about the specific tool, the comparison sources, and the examined file. An external test does not guarantee the university's later assessment.
Can I use ChatGPT for my thesis?
Check the current university rules and agreements with your supervisor. Ask about the permissible scope, how to disclose the use of the tool, and data protection. Do not assume that permission for language correction means consent to generate a chapter.
How do we determine the scope of editing after the JSA report?
Send the similarity report, the current version of the thesis, and comments on the indicated fragments. We compare the markings with the text and available publications. We determine the parts to be re-edited, citation and footnote corrections, the deadline, and the form of file delivery. The quote refers to this agreed scope.
Do you perform a thesis audit?
Yes. A thesis audit involves a comprehensive check of the document and identifying its weak points. We analyse the thesis structure, chapter layout, content coherence, source quality, bibliography, footnotes, formatting, citation style, methodology, and overall text readability.
An audit is a good solution before sending the thesis to the supervisor, before submitting it to the university, before the JSA check, before review, or before the final delivery of the document.
Do you check the thesis before submission to the university?
Yes. We can check the thesis "before submission to the university", to assess the technical presentation, language, and referencing of the document. We check formatting, table of contents, page numbering, footnotes, bibliography, tables, charts, appendices, and compliance with university guidelines.
This check helps catch errors that could reduce the quality of the thesis at the final stage.
What is the difference between proofreading and a thesis audit?
Proofreading and editing involve correcting the text. An audit serves to evaluate the thesis and indicate problems and priorities for further changes.
Does the audit immediately include correcting the entire thesis?
The basis of the audit is reviewing the document, indicating problems and priorities for changes. Based on this, you can make corrections yourself or agree on additional help. The scope of implementing changes is determined separately.
Can an unfinished thesis be checked?
Yes. We can assess existing chapters and their layout, noting which elements cannot yet be checked. A comprehensive assessment of the link between results and conclusions requires providing those parts.
How do you check citations and sources during a thesis audit?
We compare references in the text with the bibliography, check citation markings and the way paraphrases are handled. For available publications, we also analyse the consistency of the indicated fragments with the sources. You will receive a list of comments with the location of problems and the order of corrections. Analysis of the provided JSA report and text editing can be added to the agreed order.
What determines the scope and price of the audit?
The volume and degree of completion of the thesis, the number of sources, the complexity of the research part, the required depth of checking, and the deadline. After reviewing the materials, we determine what the analysis will cover and in what form we will deliver the comments.
Do you help lower the similarity level (anti-plagiarism) in JSA?
We analyse the JSA report you provide and edit the indicated passages. The scope may include reworking paraphrases that follow the source too closely, editing sentences and paragraphs, correcting citations, and organising footnotes. We preserve the meaning of the content and references to the sources used. Send the current document, report, and available publications so we can agree on the scope of work, deadline, and price.
Learn about “Thesis revisions after a JSA similarity report” →
Does a high percentage of similarity mean plagiarism?
A percentage alone is not enough for such an assessment. We must check the indicated fragments, their sources, the citation style, and the context within the thesis. Our analysis helps determine the necessary editorial corrections; the evaluation of the report belongs to the supervisor.
How do you handle fragments indicated in the similarity report?
We compare the markings from the report with the current text and available publications. We restructure overly literal paraphrases, edit sentences and paragraphs, and organise citations and footnotes. We preserve the meaning of the content and references to the sources used. You will receive a file with the agreed changes; the scope of work, deadline, and method of showing corrections are determined after reviewing the materials.
Can we start without a JSA report?
Yes. We can start by checking the citation style, the structure of paraphrases, and fragments indicated by you or your supervisor. Please send the current thesis and available source materials. If the order is to include markings from a JSA report, attach the detailed report along with the text it refers to.
Do all highlighted fragments need to be rewritten?
Not always. A correctly marked quote, bibliographic entry, or citation of a legal provision requires assessment in context. We tailor changes to the actual problem, ensuring precision of terminology and consistency with the sources used.
What do the price and deadline depend on?
The volume of text requiring work, the type of issues, the quality of citations, the availability of sources, and the expected scope of changes. We provide a quote after reviewing the material and agreeing on what needs to be corrected.
Can text from ChatGPT or Claude contain an invisible watermark?
Yes. Anthropic is introducing text watermarking in new versions of Claude, and OpenAI has announced the rollout of textGrain in selected products and models. The watermark is a signal in word choices that is invisible to readers. Coverage depends on the model, product, and rollout stage; not every AI response is watermarked. The guide explains the details: AI watermark in a thesis.
Can an AI watermark identify every AI-generated text with complete certainty?
No. Text watermarking lets a detector look for a signal of origin, but providers describe both false positives and false negatives. The length and type of text, and the watermarking coverage of the model, all matter. The result needs to be assessed in the context of the sources and how the thesis was produced. Do not treat a detector result as a certificate of authorship.
Does the AI Act prohibit using ChatGPT in a master's or bachelor's thesis?
The AI Act does not establish a general prohibition on using ChatGPT in theses. Article 50 concerns, among other things, the labelling of content generated by AI systems. University requirements also determine the rules for preparing the thesis and disclosing the use of tools. Check these before starting the work and keep documentation of your own contribution.
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